Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
Population interaction |
Species A |
Species B |
|
1. |
Mutualism |
+ |
+ |
2. |
Predation |
+ |
- |
3. |
Parasitism |
- |
- |
4. |
Commensalism |
+ |
0 |
1. | Always results in the death of the predator. |
2. | Has no impact on the population size of the prey. |
3. | Can regulate population sizes and maintain species diversity. |
4. | Decreases biodiversity by eliminating weaker species. |
Statement I: | In predation, parasitism and commensalism, the interacting species live closely together. |
Statement II: | In predation, parasitism and commensalism, one of the interacting species benefits and the other suffers harm. |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
2. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
3. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
In broad ecological context, all the following would be considered examples of predation except:
1. Tiger eating deer
2. Sparrow eating seed
3. Cow eating herbs
4. Earthworm feeding on detritus
Predators do not:
1. | act as ‘conduits’ for energy transfer across trophic levels |
2. | keep prey populations under control |
3. | over-exploit their prey |
4. | help in maintaining species diversity in a community |
Statement I: | Predators in nature are ‘prudent’. |
Statement II: | Prey species have evolved various defenses to lessen the impact of predation. |
I: | For plants, herbivores are the predators. |
II: | Nearly 75 percent of all insects are known to be phytophagous. |
III: | Thorns in plants are the most common morphological means of defense against herbivory. |
IV: | Cardiac glycosides produced by certain plants can be very detrimental to the health of herbivores. |
Assertion (A): | Predators help in maintaining species diversity in a community. |
Reason (R): | Predators reduce the intensity of competition among competing prey species. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
I: | Cryptically coloured animals are able to avoid being detected easily by the predator. |
II: | Cryptically coloured animals blend in with their surroundings. |
In a field experiment, when all Pisaster starfish were removed from an enclosed intertidal area, the result was:
1. | Increase in diversity of invertebrates |
2. | Extinction of many invertebrate species |
3. | Inability of the Pisaster to enter the area again |
4. | Replacement of Pisaster by other starfish |