Plasmids are suitable vectors for gene cloning because they
1. Alter the pH of host chromosomal DNA
2. Are never resistant to antibiotics
3. Are incomplete RNA molecules
4. Are small circular DNA molecules with their own ori sequence 
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Ori
I: is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells.
II: sequence is also responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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Which of the following are used in gene cloning?
1. Lomasomes
2. Mesosomes
3. Plasmids
4. Nucleotides 

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The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is often used in plant genetic engineering because it:
1. Contains Ti plasmid that can transfer foreign genes into plants.
2. Naturally produces insecticidal proteins.
3. Has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
4. Can degrade organic pollutants in the soil.
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In genetic engineering, an alien piece of DNA must be linked to a specific sequence in a chromosome called the origin of replication to ensure its multiplication in the host organism. What is the primary function of the origin of replication?
1. It provides a binding site for ribosomes to initiate translation.
2. It serves as the site where DNA replication begins, allowing the foreign DNA to replicate along with the host genome.
3. It facilitates the transcription of the alien DNA into mRNA for protein synthesis.
4. It acts as a recognition site for restriction enzymes to cut and insert new DNA segments.
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The figure below is the diagrammatic representation of the E.Coli vector pBR 322. Which one of the given options correctly identifies its certain component(s)?

1. ori original restriction enzyme
2. rop reduced osmotic pressure
3. Hind III, EcoRI selectable markers
4. ampR, tetR antibiotic resistance genes
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Method in which recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell by using microneedles is called
1. Gene Gun method 
2. Biolistic method
3. Microinjection method
4. Electroporation 
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If one wants to recover many copies of the target DNA, it should be cloned in a vector:
1. that is a single-stranded DNA molecule
2. whose origin [ori] supports a high copy number
3. that carries two selectable markers
4. whose cloning sites are all clustered at one place
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The figure below is a diagrammatic representation of the E.coli vector pBR322, which one of the given option includes wrongly labelled components with respect to site of restriction endonuclease enzymes?

1. BamH I and Pst I

2. Pst I and Pvu I

3. Pvu I and Pvu II

4. EcoR I and Sal I

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Assertion(A): In order to link the alien DNA, the vector needs to have very few, preferably single, recognition site for the commoniy used restriction enzymes.
Reason(R): Presence of more than one recognition sites within the vector will generate several fragments, which will complicate the gene cloning.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
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