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Most abundant/common type of pollen tetrad is _________ and it is formed due to _________ cytokinesis.
1. Tetrahedral, successive
2. Tetrahedral, simultaneous
3. Isobilateral, successive
4. Isobilateral, simultaneous

Double fertilization is different from single fertilization because of the presence of
1. Syngamy
2. Seed
3. Triple fusion
4. Megaspore and micropore

Pollen grain in angiosperms
1. Is derived from a megaspore
2. Remains permanently embedded in the nucellus
3. Is generally shed in 2-celled stage
4. Is 7-celled and 8 nucleated structure

Which of the given is not related to wind pollination?
1. Flowers are nectraless, odourless and colourless
2. Versatile statements in grasses
3. Dry, unbranched short stigma
4. Winged pollens in Pinus

Find out the correct order (with respect to development of male gametophyte)

1. $\mathrm{D}<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>\stackrel{}{\to }<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>\mathrm{A}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{C}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{B}$'
2. $\mathrm{D}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{B}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{A}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{C}$
3. $\mathrm{D}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{C}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{B}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{A}$
4. $\mathrm{A}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{B}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{C}\stackrel{}{\to }\mathrm{D}$

In a transverse section, a typical microsporangium of flowering plants is generally surrounded by four wall layers - the epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and the tapetum. Cells of the tapetum
1. Possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus
2. Nourish the developing microspores as well as megaspores
3. Help in dehiscence of anther
4. Perform the function of anther

Egg apparatus consists of
1. Central cell + egg cell
2. Synergids + polar nuclei + egg cell
3. Synergids + oosphere
4. Antipodal cells + synergids + egg

A typical angiospermic anther
1. Is monothecous and bisporangiate
2. Shows the two pollen sacs in an anther lobe which are separated internally by strip of fertile tissue
3. Dithecous and tetrasporangiate
4. Is a mass of homogeneous meristematic cells in mature stage

What is the most common shape and size of pollen grain in angiosperms plants?
1. Spindle-shaped, 25-50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$
2. Spherical, 2-5 $\mathrm{\mu m}$
3. Spherical, 25-50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$
4. Spindle-shaped, 2-5 $\mathrm{\mu m}$

In flowering plants, endosperm
1. Is pre-fertilizing tissue
2. Development rarely involves free nuclear divisions
3. Development precedes embryo development
4. Is triploid tissue always

The outer layer of pollen grain in non-archegoniate spermatophytes is made up of sporopollenin. This chemical
1. Is one of the most resistant inorganic material
2. Is temperature and enzyme resistant
3. Is resistant for strong acids, not for alkali
4. Is resistant for strong alkali, not for acids
 

What is the possible advantage if hybrids are made into apomicts?
1. Segregation of characters in the hybrid progeny
2. Farmers can keep on using the hybrid seeds to raise new crop in first year only
3. Absence of segregation in the hybrid progeny
4. More than one option is correct 

Mark the incorrect one 
1. Pollen consumption has been claimed to increase the performance of athletes and race horses
2. Viability of pollen grain depends upon temperature, not humidity
3. Pollen grains of a large number of species can be stored in liquid nitrogen for years
4. pollen grains of rice and wheat lose viability within the half an hour 

Vegetative cell of angiospermic pollen grain is characterised by 
1. Less amount of food reserve and large size
2. Small size and spindle shaped nucleus
3. Haploid ploidy level and less amount of food reserve
4. Abundant food reserve and irregularly shaped nucleus
 

During the development of typical embryo sac from the functional megaspore
1. The free nuclear division takes places
2. Cytokinesis is present after each karyokinesis
3. Nuclear divisions are followed immediately by cell wall formation
4. Cell walls are laid down after the 4-nucleated stage

In a typical dicotyledonous embryo, the cylindrical portion below the level of cotyledons is _________ that terminates at its lower and in the ____________
1. Epicotyl, plumule
2. Epicotyl, radicle
3. Hypocotyl, radicle
4. Hypocotyl, plumule

The process involving the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is
1. Genetically as well as functionally self-pollination
2. Functionally cross-pollination and genetically self-pollination
3. Functionally as well as genetically  cross-pollination
4. Genetically cross-pollination and functionally self-pollination

Group of plants having chasmogamous as well as cleistogamous flowers are
1. Arachis, Gloriosa, Salvia
2. Calotropis, Nicotiana, Ficus
3. Viola, Oxalis, Commelina
4. Vallisneria, Mirabilis, Magnolia

Pollination by water is
1. Limited to about 30 families of dicots
2. Very common in  flowering plants
3. More common in monocots than dicots
4. More common abiotic method of pollination

Wind pollinated flowers often
1. Have a single ovule in each ovary
2. Produces light and sticky pollen grains
3. Have sticky and inserted stigma
4. Produces heavy and non-sticky pollen grains

Flowers of aquatic plants like water hyacinth and water lily
1. Are not pollinated by water
2. Emerge above the level of water for epihydrophily
3. Reach the surface of the water for hypohydrophily
4. Have exine in their pollen grains

The lower end of the embryonal axis in maize has the radicle and root cap enclosed in
1. An extension of scutellum
2. A structure called coleoptile
3. A differentiated sheath
4. A structure called coleorrhiza

Mark the incorrect statement

Male and female plants are not separate in case of
1. Papaya and date-palm
2. Mulberry and papaya
3. Date-palm and mulberry
4. Castor and maize

Vegetative cell in a pollen grain
1. Floats in the cytoplasm of the generative cell
2. Is small and spindle-shaped
3. Is larger than generative cell but lacks reserve food
4. Has a large irregularly shaped nucleus

In Polygonum type of embryo sac, polar nuclei
1. Are haploid
2. Can serve as a precursor of PEN
3. Occur in the large central cell
4. More than one option is correct

Endosperm development precedes embryo development because
1. It is  a product of triple fusiony
2. It provides nutrition to developing embryo
3. It is larger than embryo
4. Its development mostly occurs by free nuclear division in PEN

Viability of seeds
1. Maybe lost within a few months
2. Is 1000 years in Lupinus arcticus
3. Recorded in Phoenix is 10000 years
4. Can be tested by 0.1% solution of TTC

Pollen grains lose viability within 30 minutes of their release in the members of family
1. Rosaceae
2. Solanaceae
3. Poaceae
4. Leguminosae

Read the following statements carefully and select the correct

1. a, b, c, & d
2. a, b, & c
3. a, c, & d
4. a, b, & d

Endosperm persists in the mature seeds of
1. Pea
2. Groundnut
3. Gram
4. Maize

Functional megaspore in Polygonum divides by free nuclear mitotic divisions and develops into 8 nucleated and 7 celled female gametophytes. The largest cell of this gametophyte is
1. Antipodal cell
2. Central cell
3. Synergid cell
4. Egg cell

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called as
1. Xenogamy
2. Autogamy
3. Geitonogamy
4. Cleistogamy

Removal of anther from ______ flower _________- maturation of anther is called emasculation
1. Unisexual, after
2. Bisexual, before
3. Unisexual, before
4. Bisexual, after

Find the incorrect statements with respect to pollen grain in angiosperms plants

1. c and d
2. a and d
3. b and d
4. a and c

Most of the aquatic and land plants are pollinated by
1. Insects or wind
2. Water and insects respectively
3. Abiotic factors only
4. Water and wind respectively

Which one of the following statements is not true?

During microsporogenesis
1. Microspore tetrad is developed by meiosis in sporogenous tissue
2. Pollen grains are developed by mitosis in sporogenous tissue
3. Microspore develops into the male gametophyte
4. Male gametes are produced by pollen grain

In pollen banks, pollens are stored at
1. $-196°\mathrm{C}$ of liquid nitrogen
2. $+20°\mathrm{C}$ of liquid nitrogen
3. $0°\mathrm{C}$ of liquid nitrogen
4. $4°\mathrm{C}$ of liquid nitrogen

Mark the mis-matched pair
1. Orchid           -  Tiny seeds
2. Hydrophily    -  Common in dicots
3. Pollen grain   -  25 to 50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ in diameter
4. Parthenium   -  Pollen allergy 

The stalk by which an ovule is attached to the placenta is called
1. Funicle
2. Hilum
3. Chalaza
4. Micropyle

Choose the correct match with respect to angiosperm
1. Microsporanigum - ovule; Megasporangium - female gametophyte
2. Megasporangium - ovule; Embryo sac - female gametophyte
3. Megasporangium - female gametophyte; Embryo sac - ovule
4. Nucellus - male gametophyte; Megasporangium - ovule

Formation of embryo sac from a single megaspore nuclei is termed as
1. Bishopric development
2. Monosporic development
3. Tetrasporic development
4. Polysporic development

Functionally cross-pollination but genetically similar to autogamy is
1. Xenogamy
2. Geitonogamy
3. Chasmogamy
4. Cleistogamy

Examine the figure of microsporangium and select the part correctly matched with its feature or function.

1. Part (D): Endothecium - Development of sporoderm
2. Part (A): Innermost wall layer - Dense cytoplasm in cells
3. Part (C): Middle layers - Nutrition to megaspores
4. Part (B): Tapetum - Sporic meiosis

At the lower end, the embryonal axis in grasses has the radical and root cap enclosed in/by
1. Coleoptile
2. Hypocotyl
3. An undifferentiated sheath
4. Epicotyl